Trojan malware, often called a Trojan horse, is a type of malicious software designed to deceive users by appearing as legitimate or harmless software. Unlike a computer virus or worm, a Trojan does not self-replicate. Instead, it relies on social engineering to trick individuals into downloading and installing it onto their computer system or device. This deception can involve disguising the Trojan as a free game, a useful utility, a software update, or even an email attachment that seems trustworthy. Once activated by the user, this hidden malicious code gains a foothold within the target system.

After successfully infiltrating a computer, the Trojan malware secretly creates a hidden entry point, commonly known as a backdoor. This backdoor is essentially a secret pathway or communication channel that bypasses normal authentication and security controls. The Trojan establishes a connection from the infected computer to a remote server, often called a command and control or C2 server, operated by the cyber attacker. This connection allows the attacker to maintain persistent, unauthorized remote access to the victim’s machine without their knowledge.

With a backdoor in place, the cyber attacker can exploit the compromised system in various ways. They can gain full control over the computer, access personal data, steal sensitive information like banking credentials or login details, manipulate files, install additional malware such as ransomware or spyware, or even use the computer as part of a botnet for further attacks. This unauthorized access compromises the user’s digital security, leading to potential data theft, privacy breaches, and significant system compromise. Protecting your computer from Trojan malware requires vigilance, including using reputable antivirus software, keeping all software updated, and being cautious about suspicious downloads or unknown email attachments to ensure online safety.